An estate freeze is an estate planning strategy used primarily to minimize future estate taxes and transfer wealth to heirs.
In an estate freeze, the current value of an individual’s assets is "frozen" at its present value for estate tax purposes. The individual transfers future appreciation of the assets to beneficiaries, typically through mechanisms such as trusts or gifting. This means that any increase in value after the transfer is not included in the individual’s taxable estate.
For example, if a parent owns a business valued at $1 million, and they implement an estate freeze, they may transfer ownership of the business to their children while retaining a fixed interest. As the business grows in value, only the appreciation beyond $1 million is subject to estate taxes, allowing the children to benefit from the increased value without incurring tax liabilities on the original value.